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Blood tests for parasites

Parasites living in the human body cause malaise of unclear etiology.It can be skin rashes, flatulence, heartburn, nausea, weakness, anemia, joint pain.To clarify the diagnosis, special tests should be done.

Parasites that can live in the human body

Hemoscania of blood drops for parasites

Classification of parasites in their appearance:

  1. lamblia,
  2. Opistorchi,
  3. Echinococci,
  4. toxockers,
  5. Trichinella,
  6. Askarids.

For representatives of some professions (for personnel of catering enterprises, children's institutions), analysis for eggs of worms is required in the design of sanitary books.Children pass the same analysis upon admission to kindergartens and a nursery or in a sports section.

  • A classic study on worms living in the gastrointestinal tract is an analysis of feces and a scraping of the mucosa from the rectum.
  • But there are several options for more effective blood tests for parasites, as intended and according to the method.

Classical research on worms

A classic study on worms living in the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract), for example, pinworms, ascarides, is a feces analysis and a scraping of the mucosa from the rectum.But a one -time analysis of feces may not show positive results, therefore it is advisable to do three times.

  1. To analyze feces and scraping, the histological coprogram method is used (viewing the cuts of the material under the microscope).Research efficiency is about 20%, becauseThe probability is low that eggs or parasite larvae will fall into the analyzed material.
  2. Controversial studies for helminths, simple parasites and fungi in the body are electro -acupuncture methods.Their essence is to obtain results using measurements of bioelectric reactions of active points with electrodes.For this purpose, special devices are used.Many doctors perceive the research data skeptical.
  3. The most informative examination of parasites is a blood test.

Types of blood tests for parasites

There are several options for blood tests for parasites: as intended and according to the method.Each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages.Depending on the methodology used, the following types of blood tests exist:

  1. ELISA or Immunophynticnae of Blood;
  2. PCR or polymerase chain reaction;
  3. Hemoscaning;
  4. Serological blood test.

ELISA, Analysis for Antibodies and Immunoglobulina

This analysis is based on the immune response of the body, the level of its protective reaction to the invasion of parasites.When antibodies form in the human body form in response to the ingress of a pathogen or simply a foreign protein in his blood, they are called immunoglobulins.

  • Using the results of ELISA, you can determine the presence of helminths in the body and their type.The accuracy of the study is much higher than the analysis of feces.
  • The method is based on the calculation of antibodies in the body to one or another type of parasites, the determination of their connection with foreign antigens (immune response) and the enzyme reaction of the body.
  • Antibodies - antigens indicate the presence of infection.
  • A blood test by ELISA has accuracy, according to different experts, from 60% to 90% even at the low level of invasion.
  • The advantage of the method, in addition to a high level of accuracy, is that an immuno -function analysis can be monitored by the dynamics of the disease over time.

IFA blood tests for parasites

An analysis for antibodies looks like a set of characters denoting these antibodies or they are called immunoglobulins.

  • In total, 5 of them have been studied - IgG, IGA, IGM, Ige IGD.
  • In practical medicine, the first four immunoglobulin are important.

IgM is the main marker for the acute phase of the disease

IGM - immunoglobulin, which appears in the acute phase of the disease, indicates the beginning of infection.

  • Appears in the blood on the fifth day,
  • It is detected by analysis after 6 weeks.
  • Then he begins to disappear quickly.

Ige - marker, parasite infection indicator

Ige - Immunoglobulin indicates the presence of parasites or allergies in the human body.

  • is a marker of processes associated with allergies,
  • It circulates little in the blood, is based in mucous membranes, macrophages and basophiles,
  • Participates in immune answers to infection with parasites.

IgG - marker of the disease and immunity

IgG - immunoglobulin, appears in the process of the disease.

  • IgG also preserved after a cure, for some infections for life, for example, measles, rubella and others.
  • The detection of immunoglobulins in the blood says that the body had already met with this infection before, with this specific pathogen.

The result of the analysis ELISTRICAL PARSS

For different combinations of pluses and minuses in the blood test for parasites, the following conclusions can be drawn:

  1. lack of infection - all antibodies with a minus;
  2. Acute stage-Igg (+/-), Iga (+\-), IgM (+);
  3. Chronic form-IgG (+/-), Iga (-), IgM (-);
  4. the presence of immunity-IgG (+), Iga (-), IgM (-);
  5. Exacerbation of a chronic disease - IgG (+), IgA (+), IgM (+)
  6. If the disease is detected and treated, then the minus values of all antibodies will be achieved only six months after the course of treatment, sometimes after 1-2 years.

The reliability of the analysis of ELISA

The ELISA method gives the level of reliability of 90% for the diagnosis of infection with ascarides, pinworms (enteriobiosis), toxocars and others that cause the formation of IgG immunoglobulin in large quantities.

  1. You can determine lambliosis by separate and general (OPD) value of the level of antibodies in the blood.
  2. The value of OPD is more than 1 suggests that there is an infection or was,
  3. With a value of less than 0.85 there is no lamblia.
  4. If the value is in the interval, then it is advisable to repeat the analysis after 2 weeks.

This method is characterized by a number of weaknesses.The analysis allows you to determine the level of antibodies developed in the body for the neutralization of helminths, and not the worms themselves.

  • Therefore, it is possible to obtain false positive and false negative results.
  • This also happens when patients taking drugs,
  • metabolic disorders and the presence of parallel of current chronic diseases.

General blood test, changes in parasite infection

You can indirectly suspect the presence of invasion by making a general blood test.Since the presence of worms affects the internal organs, the products of their vital activity enter the bloodstream, changing its composition.Partial list of the results of the effect of invasion on blood parameters:

  • increased hemoglobin;
  • non -normative indicators of ESR;
  • excess eosinophils by 20%;
  • Zhelezia anemia.

If there are no other reasons for such deviations, it is advisable to include a special blood test for parasites, ELISA, PCR in the diagnostic program.

Polymerase chain reaction, PCR analysis

The PCR method, or polymer chain reaction, is considered fundamental in molecular diagnostics and is one of the most modern and accurate for diagnosis for the presence of parasites in the body.

  • It consists in detecting traces of DNA and RNA, belonging to parasitic life forms.
  • The essence of the polymerase reaction is blood treatment in such a way as to copy and propagate DNA, RNA of foreign organisms to a concentration that allows them to determine.

Serological blood test

At the same time, the analysis is used as a source of information of blood serum.

  • Immunogenic antibodies of parasites are investigated.
  • The analysis allows you to identify a large number of parasitic forms, but does not allow you to determine the stage of invasion.
  • Like the IFA method, serological analysis is indirect for diagnosis.
  • If the values of the OPD are high, it is advisable to additionally pass the fecal analysis.

Diagnosis by blood scanning method

During hemoscanication on parasites, a drop of “live” blood of a patient is studied by optical devices in which, in addition to worms, you can determine their larvae and fungus.

How to take a blood test for parasites

Blood fence from the elbow vein

Blood donation for parasites is carried out in a specialized laboratory.Blood for the analysis is taken from the elbow vein in the amount of 3-5 ml and is placed in a dry sterile test tube.Before passing the analysis, it is recommended:

  1. Do not eat for 8 hours;
  2. In the evening meal, abandon fatty dishes and milk;
  3. Do not take alcohol and carbonated drinks;
  4. avoid excessive physical exertion, physiotherapy, radiation x -ray;
  5. refuse to take medications.
  6. Abundant drink is welcome.
  7. The conditions for blood donation to PCR are less stringent, becauseThe degree of satiety does not affect the presence of DNA of parasites.

Dates of analyzes

  • The results of IFA and Serological tests are issued within a week.
  • For PCR blood tests and hemoscaning, a couple of hours is enough.
  • With the result of the analysis, you should definitely consult a doctor.